Contents
A. Introduction
B. Meaning of learning and meaning of assessment
C. Assessment for learning vs Assessment
of learning
D. meaning of Evaluation
E. Types of evaluations---
----Informal
creative evaluation
----Formal ways of
evaluation
----Self and Peer
evaluation
----Continuous and comprehensive evaluation ( CCE )
F. meaning of
Measurement
G. Meaning of grading
system
Types of grading system—( Simple grading system , Grade Point Average GPA , Cumulative Grade Point Average CGPA )
Below are the full details......
A.
Introduction
We know learning is a lifelong process , a child starts
learning from very beginning of his/her birth , but we must not forget the
importance of assessment and evaluation , this assessment and evaluation guides
the human being about good and bad learning.
Here we will
discuss " meaning of learning and meaning of assessment " also we
will discuss the " difference between assessment of learning vs assessment
for learning "
B. Meaning of learning and meaning of assessment
--Meaning of learning
The term learning means the
acquisition of new behaviour and knowledge . Learning is a continuous and
universal process ,learning change the behaviour and emotions of a human
Learning helps to acquire the ability to respond to a particular situation
or environment.
Learning also depends upon the
environment of the learner , if the environment is bad/negative then the
learner may become a evil/criminal.
For example a child grows in a
taliban terrorist area has already exposure to the criminal and violence
activity he/she may become a terrorist in future
--Meaning of assessment
The term assessment came from the
Latin word Assess which means
to determine , estimate or judge the
value of , to evaluate.
The term assessment is a
process of gathering information related to some objective or goal for evaluation
.
Assessment collects both
quantitative and qualitative data.
For example a teacher assess the class test,
unit test internal test , monthly test , half yearly test and then he/she
formulate a report card at the end of the session
Quantitative data includes marks ,
grades ,percentile etc etc
Qualitative data includes behaviour
, personality , body language, activeness etc etc
Assessment
involves following element--
--Record
Keeping
--Oral or
written examination
--Emphasis on
the strength and weakness and challenges
C. Assessment
for learning vs Assessment of learning
D. Meaning
of Evaluation—
The term evaluation comes from the
Word evaluate which means " to judge or analyse '' anything/any task/any test/any exam.
The passing of judgement after the completion of any
task/test/exam by providing grades ,marks .
Or
Evaluation also defined as the
process of making a '' value judgement ''.
So, analysis the assessment of the
student the evaluation is carried out .
NOTE- Assessment is subset of evaluation .
E. Types of
evaluations---
----Informal creative evaluation
----Formal ways of evaluation
----Self and Peer evaluation
----Continuous and comprehensive evaluation
Below are the full details.....
----Informal creative evaluation :- The term informal means '' without any
formality or unofficial''
again the term evaluation means to ‘’judge or
analyse ‘’ any task any exam
The we can say that informal evaluation are unofficial
evaluation used by teachers to observe the strength and weakness of a student.
Methods to conduct informal
evaluation...
---- Lab activity and experiment
----Home assignment
----Classroom activity
----Field trip
----Portfolio
----Project
----problem solving task
----Body Language and personality
----Behaviour and character
----Formal ways of evaluation :- Formal evaluation involves the systematic
gathering of information , it is different from the informal evaluation because
it has more pre-plan objectives pre-plan goals and have standard methods of
evaluation.
The main objectives of formal
evaluation is that the teacher can evaluate the students in many ways like
providing grades , promotion to the next
level , diagnose the error , judging the effectiveness of Curriculum and
program.
There are various Methods to
conduct formal evaluation , but
The popular two are Formative
evaluation and summative evaluation
details see above points
----Self and Peer evaluation :- Self evaluation means '' own evaluation ''
here the students evaluate their own learning and progress in their respective knowledge , skills, interest attitude, etc etc , Self evaluation helps the students
to develop a sense of Independence and take responsibility for their own
learning.
Peer evaluation
refers to evaluation of a student by
another student , this can be conducted in pairs or in a groups , Peer
evaluation promotes cooperative learning environment in the classroom , students
also get opportunity to hear and exchange their work with others .
---Continuous
and comprehensive evaluation ( CCE )
The term continuous in
CCE means nonstop evaluation .
and
the term comprehensive means evaluation covering both school
activity and co-curricular activity .
The CCE is that educational shift from rote type learning to
participatory learning , from theory to
activity based learning , from single assessment
to multiple assessment system.
It is process of ensuring learning performance of student
through both formative and summative evaluation in different areas such as
cognitive , affective and psychomotor to promote all round development of the
students.
Objectives of CCE
---
Teacher will able to know his/her students in all the aspects
such as cognitive , affective and psychomotor to promote all round development
of the students. and for this continuous evaluation is the best method.
Features of CCE :
The term comprehensive means evaluation covering both scholastic
and co –scholastic activity .
Basic aspects
of scholastic activity to be
monitored----
Scholastic area includes
language development , science and technology
development, social science , work and experience , physical education , mathematics
etc etc.
Basic aspects of co
–scholastic activity to be monitored----
----life skills like
----Behavioural conduct
----Leadership
----Teamwork
----Interest area
----Socialization characteristics
----Arts and crafts
Advantages
of CCE---
----CCE covers all the norms and rules governed by national
education policy and NCF 2005.
---- The CCE is that educational
shift from rote type learning to participatory learning , from theory to activity based learning.
F. Meaning
of Measurement
It is a process in which the attributes /dimensions / characteristics of some objects are quantified .
Or
Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object
or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events. .
Quantity is always expressed in numerical term , Nature of
measurement is quantitative .
International System of Units (SI;
Système Internationale d’Unités), in universal use by the world’s scientific
community and by most nations.
Measurements most commonly use the
International System of Units (SI) as a comparison framework. The system
defines seven fundamental units: kilogram, metre, candela, second, ampere,
kelvin, and mole.
Measuring items /tools are- scale , tape ,thermometer , weight
machine , speedometer etc etc
steps to do a perfect measurement : -
----We should Not use any faulty measuring instrument , avoid any type error , must check the least count of the instrument.
----We must prefer SI
unit for measuring.
----We must have the
knowledge of units and its base value.
G. Meaning of grading system
Grading system works on the principle of comprehensive and
continuous evaluation ( CCE ) .
Grading system is a qualitative assessment of achievements of
the student on the basis of quality of the answer and activity performed and
various grades are awarded by the examiner.
Grading system can include letter
grades , percentage and even a simple pass /fail.
Grading
system is an advanced process under
which grades are given according to the
academic level but other things are also considered while making the grades
like attendance , achievement , assignment project , performance in co
curricular activity , behaviour & character development , body personality
etc etc
Grading system also reduce the possibility of discrimination
among the students for example some student have wrote four pages of answer and they Got 10 out of 10 ,
while some other student wrote 4 pages of answer and still they got 10 out of
10 , here we can see the numbering
system is totally depends on the mood and understanding level of the teacher ,
So to
eliminate this type of discrimination the concept of ''grading system '' and '' continuous and comprehensive evaluation CCE
'' are introduced .
Characteristics
of grading system---
----It is total Nonstop form of assessment
----It follows principle of continuous and comprehensive
assessment
----It covers all the academic and non academic activity of
the session
----This provide less pressure on the student and the passing
percentage it also increasing.
Types of
grading system--
----Simple grading system
----Grade Point Average ( GPA )
----Cumulative Grade Point Average ( CGPA )
Below are the full details....
---- simple
grading system :-
Simple Grading system is a qualitative assessment of
achievements of the student on the basis of quality of the answer and activity
performed and various grades are awarded by the examiner .
----Grade
Point Average ( GPA ) :-
Grade Point Average , abbreviated as GPA is a system of
evaluating a student's academic performance that represents their average score
cumulated during their course of study.
The grading point system is very useful in semester exam
system and the percentage system is useful in annual yearly exam system.
Grading point system may vary from one University to other
University
GPA has point ranges from minimum zero to maximum four.
CGPA is a grade pointing system used in the educational sector.
Cumulative Grade Points is the average of grade points obtained in all the
subjects
(Note:- excluding the
sixth additional subject).
How to Calculate CGPA
Consider that you have 5
main subjects.
Hindi , English , Malayalam Science
, and Maths and your
scores are as below...
Hindi = 8.5
English= 8
Malayalam = 8.5
Science = 9
Maths = 9
Then the total is
8.5+8+8.5+9+9 = 43
Then your CGPA score will be
= 43/5 = 8.6
How to calculate CGPA in
percentage
Calculating CGPA in
percentage is even
easier = 8.6 x 9.5 = 81.7%
What is the
difference between GPA and CGPA?
GPA is calculated for a single term or a year, whereas CGPA
is calculated for the entire duration of a course.
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